Taarifa zaidi ― Kiswahili

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ni saratani ya ngozi ya pili kwa wingi nchini Marekani, baada ya basal cell carcinoma. Kawaida huanza kutoka kwa vidonda vya precancerous vinavyoitwa actinic keratosis , na vinaweza kuenea kwa sehemu nyingine za mwili. Sababu kuu ni yatokanayo na mionzi ya ultraviolet (UV) kutoka jua, ambayo hujilimbikiza kwa muda. Matibabu kawaida huhusisha kuondolewa kwa upasuaji, hasa kwa SCC juu ya kichwa na shingo. Tiba ya mionzi ni chaguo kwa wagonjwa wazee au wale ambao hawawezi kufanyiwa upasuaji. Ukandamizaji wa kinga huongeza hatari ya SCC. Ingawa ni nadra, SCC inaweza kuenea, haswa kwa wagonjwa walio na kinga dhaifu. Uchunguzi wa mara kwa mara na ulinzi wa jua ni muhimu kwa wale walio na SCC.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer in the United States, behind basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma has precursor lesions called actinic keratosis, exhibits tumor progression and has the potential to metastasize in the body. Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is the primary risk factor in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the cumulative exposure received over a lifetime plays a major part in the development of this cancer. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with Mohs micrographic surgery being the preferred excisional technique for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and in other areas of high risk or squamous cell carcinoma with high-risk characteristics. Radiation therapy is reserved for squamous cell carcinoma in older patients or those who will not tolerate surgery, or when it has not been possible to obtain clear margins surgically. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly after surgical treatment in very high tumors. Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma over the course of an individual’s life. Metastasis is uncommon for squamous cell carcinomas arising in areas of chronic sun exposure, but it can take place, and the risk is increased in immunosuppressed patients. Patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma should be examined regularly and remember to use measures to protect from UV damage.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) ni saratani ya pili kwa watu wengi, na idadi yake inaongezeka. Ingawa CSCC kawaida huonyesha tabia mbaya ya kimatibabu, inaweza kuenea ndani na sehemu zingine za mwili. Wanasayansi wametambua njia maalum zinazohusika katika maendeleo ya CSCC, na kusababisha matibabu mapya. Idadi kubwa ya mabadiliko na hatari iliyoongezeka kwa wagonjwa wenye upungufu wa kinga imesababisha maendeleo ya immunotherapy. Tathmini hii inaangalia mizizi ya kijeni ya CSCC na matibabu ya hivi punde zaidi yanayolenga molekuli maalum na mfumo wa kinga.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and its incidence continues to rise. Although CSCC usually display a benign clinical behavior, it can be both locally invasive and metastatic. The signaling pathways involved in CSCC development have given rise to targetable molecules in recent decades. In addition, the high mutational burden and increased risk of CSCC in patients under immunosuppression were part of the rationale for developing the immunotherapy for CSCC that has changed the therapeutic landscape. This review focuses on the molecular basis of CSCC and the current biology-based approaches of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors